Toshiba Equium L20 User Manual

User’s ManualL20

x User’s ManualTOSHIBA L20 SeriesPanasonic CD-RW/DVD-ROM UJDA770 The CD-RW/DVD-ROM drive employs a laser system. To ensure proper use of this product

5-6 User’s ManualThe KeyboardKeypad overlayYour computer’s keyboard does not have an independent numeric keypad, but its numeric keypad overlay functi

User’s Manual 5-7The KeyboardGenerating ASCII characters Not all ASCII characters can be generated using normal keyboard operation. But, you can gener

5-8 User’s ManualThe Keyboard

User’s Manual 6-1Chapter 6Power and Power-Up ModesThe computer’s power resources include the AC adaptor and internal batteries. This chapter gives det

6-2 User’s ManualPower and Power-Up ModesCheck the Battery indicator to determine the status of the battery pack. The following indicator lights indic

User’s Manual 6-3Power and Power-Up ModesBattery typesThe computer has the following batteries: Battery pack (4300/2000mAh) Real Time Clock (RTC)

6-4 User’s ManualPower and Power-Up ModesReal Time Clock battery The Real Time Clock (RTC) battery provides power for the internal real time clock and

User’s Manual 6-5Power and Power-Up ModesCare and use of the battery pack The battery pack is a vital component of portable computing. Taking proper c

6-6 User’s ManualPower and Power-Up Modes8. Never expose the battery pack to abnormal shock, vibration or pressure. The battery pack’s internal protec

User’s Manual 6-7Power and Power-Up Modes6. Be sure to monitor the remaining battery power. If the battery pack and real time clock battery discharge

User’s Manual xiTOSHIBA L20 SeriesHitachi-LG Data Storage, Inc.CD-RW/DVD-ROM GCC-4244N The CD-RW/DVD-ROM drive employs a laser system. To ensure prop

6-8 User’s ManualPower and Power-Up ModesTimeThe following table shows the approximate time required to fully charge a discharged battery. Battery cha

User’s Manual 6-9Power and Power-Up ModesMonitoring battery capacity Remaining battery power can be monitored in the taskbar and in the Windows® Power

6-10 User’s ManualPower and Power-Up ModesRetaining data with power off When you turn off your computer with fully charged batteries, the batteries re

User’s Manual 6-11Power and Power-Up ModesReplacing the battery pack When the battery pack reaches the end of its operating life you will need to inst

6-12 User’s ManualPower and Power-Up ModesInstalling the battery pack To install a battery, follow the steps below. 1. Turn the computer’s power off.

User’s Manual 6-13Power and Power-Up ModesPanel power off/onYou can set up your computer so that power turns off automatically when you close the disp

6-14 User’s ManualPower and Power-Up Modes

User’s Manual 7-1Chapter 7Optional Devices Optional devices can expand the computer’s capabilities and its versatility. This chapter describes connect

7-2 User’s ManualOptional DevicesPC cardThe computer is equipped with a PC Card expansion slot that can accommodate one 5 mm Type II card. Any PC Card

User’s Manual 7-3Optional DevicesRemoving a PC CardTo remove the PC Card, follow the steps below.1. Open the Safely Remove Hardware icon on the Task B

xii User’s ManualTOSHIBA L20 SeriesInternational precautions CAUTION: This appliance contains a laser system and is classified as a “CLASS 1 LASER PRO

7-4 User’s ManualOptional DevicesMemory expansion You can install additional memory in the computer’s memory module socket to increase the amount of R

User’s Manual 7-5Optional DevicesInstalling a memory module Follow the steps below to install a memory module. 1. Set the computer to boot mode and tu

7-6 User’s ManualOptional Devices7. Push the module down so it lies flat. Latches on either side will click into place to secure the module. Installin

User’s Manual 7-7Optional Devices5. Grasp the module by the sides and pull it out. Removing the memory module 6. Seat the cover and secure it with a s

7-8 User’s ManualOptional DevicesUSB floppy disk drive The 3 ½" external floppy disk drive module can be connected to the USB port. For details o

User’s Manual 7-9Optional DevicesTV A TV output feature is provided with some models. You can connect a television set to the Video out jack on the co

7-10 User’s ManualOptional DevicesChanging the resolution If you want to change the resolution, follow the steps below. 1. Click start and click Contr

User’s Manual 8-1Chapter 8TroubleshootingTOSHIBA designed the computer for durability. However, should problems occur, following the procedures in thi

8-2 User’s ManualTroubleshootingPreliminary checklist Consider the simplest solution first. The items in this checklist are easy to fix and yet can ca

User’s Manual 8-3TroubleshootingHardware and system checklist This section discusses problems caused by your computer’s hardware or attached periphera

User’s Manual xiiiTOSHIBA L20 SeriesOBS! Apparaten innehåller laserkomponent som avger laserstråining överstigande gränsen för laserklass 1. VAROITUS.

8-4 User’s ManualTroubleshootingSelf test When the computer starts up, the self test will be run automatically, and the following will be displayed: T

User’s Manual 8-5TroubleshootingAC powerIf you have trouble turning on the computer with the AC adaptor connected, check the Battery Indicator indicat

8-6 User’s ManualTroubleshootingReal Time Clock Unplug the AC adaptor and remove the battery to make sure the terminals are clean. If necessary wipe t

User’s Manual 8-7TroubleshootingKeyboardKeyboard problems can be caused by your setup configuration. For more information refer to Chapter 5, The Keyb

8-8 User’s ManualTroubleshootingCD-RW/DVD-ROM driveFor more information, refer to Chapter 4, Operating Basics. Problem ProcedureYou cannot access a C

User’s Manual 8-9TroubleshootingDVD Super Multi drive (Supporting DVD±R Double Layer)For more information, refer to Chapter 4, Operating Basics. Canno

8-10 User’s ManualTroubleshootingFloppy disk drive For more information, refer to Chapter 4, Operating Basics.Some CD/DVDs run correctly, but others d

User’s Manual 8-11TroubleshootingPC CardRefer also to Chapter 7, Optional Devices.Pointing device If you are using a USB mouse, also refer to the USB

8-12 User’s ManualTroubleshootingUSB mouseThe response of the Touch Pad is too sensitive Adjust the touch sensitivity. 1. Open the Control Panel. 2. C

User’s Manual 8-13TroubleshootingUSBRefer also to your USB device’s documentation. Memory expansionRefer also to Chapter 7, Optional Devices, for info

xiv User’s ManualTOSHIBA L20 Series

8-14 User’s ManualTroubleshootingSound system Refer also to documentation for your audio devices. MonitorRefer also to Chapter 7, Optional Devices, an

User’s Manual 8-15TroubleshootingLANWireless LANIf the following procedures do not restore LAN access, consult your LAN administrator. For more inform

8-16 User’s ManualTroubleshootingPrinter TOSHIBA supportIf you require any additional help using your computer or if you are having problems operating

User’s Manual A-1Appendix ASpecificationsThis appendix summarizes the computer’s technical specifications. Physical Dimensions Environmental Requireme

A-2 User’s ManualSpecificationsBuilt-in Modem Network control unit (NCU) Type of NCU AAType of line Telephone line (analog only)Type of dialing PulseT

User’s Manual B-1Appendix BDisplay Controller and ModesDisplay controllerThe display controller interprets software commands into hardware commands th

B-2 User’s ManualDisplay Controller and ModesVideo modes The computer supports video modes defined in the tables below. If your application offers a s

User’s Manual B-3Display Controller and ModesDVGA Grph320 x 200 Pels8 x 8 16 of 256K 16 of 256K 70EVGA Grph640 x 200 Pels8 x 8 16 of 256K 16 of 256K 7

B-4 User’s ManualDisplay Controller and ModesTable 2: Video modes Resolution LCD colors CRT colors Vertical frequency (Hz)800 x 600 256K/256K 256K/256

User’s Manual B-5Display Controller and ModesTable 2: Video modes (continued)Resolution LCD colors CRT colors Vertical frequency (Hz)800 x 600 64K/64K

User’s Manual xvGeneral PrecautionsTOSHIBA computers are designed to optimize safety, minimize strain and withstand the rigors of portability. However

B-6 User’s ManualDisplay Controller and ModesTable 2: Video modes (continued)Resolution LCD colors CRT colors Vertical frequency (Hz)800 x 600 16M/16M

User’s Manual B-7Display Controller and ModesDisplay Settings 1. You cannot move from the Settings tab of Display Properties to the multi-monitor when

B-8 User’s ManualDisplay Controller and Modes The way to move to multi-monitor (ATI RADEON XPRESS 200M) Switch to Display Properties, like shown in

User’s Manual B-9Display Controller and Modes5. When the LCD (internal liquid crystal display) display mode is selected, the Virtual (Virtual Screen)

B-10 User’s ManualDisplay Controller and Modes

User’s Manual C-1Appendix CWireless LANCard Specifications Form Factor Mini PCI TypeIII Compatibility IEEE 802.11 Standard for Wireless LANs Wi-Fi

C-2 User’s ManualWireless LANRadio Characteristics Radio Characteristics of Wireless LAN Cards may vary according to: Country/region where the produ

User’s Manual C-3Wireless LANSupported Frequency Sub-bands Subject to the radio regulations that apply in the countries/regions, your Wireless LAN car

C-4 User’s ManualWireless LAN

User’s Manual D-1Appendix DAC Power Cord and ConnectorsThe power cord’s AC input plug must be compatible with the various international AC power outle

xvi User’s ManualPC Card overheating Some PC Cards can become hot with prolonged use. Overheating of a PC Card can result in errors or instability in

D-2 User’s ManualAC Power Cord and ConnectorsIn Europe, power cords must be VDE type, H05VVH2-F and two conductor. For the United States and Canada, p

User’s Manual E-1Appendix EIf your computer is stolenShould your computer be stolen, however, we’ll help you try to find it. Before contacting TOSHIBA

E-2 User’s ManualIf your computer is stolenTOSHIBA Theft RegistrationSend to: TOSHIBA Europe GmbHTechnical Service and SupportLeibnizstr. 293055 Regen

User’s Manual Glossary-1GlossaryThe terms in this glossary cover topics related to this manual. Alternate naming is included for reference. Abbreviati

Glossary-2 User’s ManualGlossaryLED: light emitting diode LSI: large scale integration MS-DOS: Microsoft® Disk Operating System OCR: optical character

User’s Manual Glossary-3Glossaryapplication: A group of programs that together are used for a specific task such as accounting, financial planning, sp

Glossary-4 User’s ManualGlossaryC cache memory: High speed memory which stores data that increases processor speed and data transfer rate. When the CP

User’s Manual Glossary-5Glossarycomputer program: A set of instructions written for a computer that enable it to achieve a desired result. computer sy

Glossary-6 User’s ManualGlossarydisk storage: Storing data on magnetic disk. Data is arranged on concentric tracks much like a phonograph record. disp

User’s Manual Glossary-7Glossaryfloppy disk: A removable disk that stores magnetically encoded data. floppy disk drive (FDD): An electromechanical dev

User’s Manual xviiEU Declaration of ConformityThis product is labelled with the CE Mark in accordance with the related European Directives, notably El

Glossary-8 User’s ManualGlossaryinstruction: Statements or commands that specify how to perform a particular task. interface: 1) Hardware and/or softw

User’s Manual Glossary-9GlossaryM main board: See motherboard. megabyte (MB): A unit of data storage equal to 1024 kilobytes. See also kilobyte. megah

Glossary-10 User’s ManualGlossaryoperating system: A group of programs that controls the basic operation of a computer. Operating system functions inc

User’s Manual Glossary-11GlossaryR Radio frequency interference (RFI) shield: A metal shield enclosing the printed circuit boards of the printer or co

Glossary-12 User’s ManualGlossarysystem disk: A disk that has been formatted with an operating system. For MS-DOS the operating system is contained in

User’s Manual Index-1IndexAAC adaptor, 1-3additional, 1-13connecting, 3-6ASCII characters, 5-7BBatterycharging, 6-7extending battery life, 6-10indicat

Index-2 User’s ManualIndexFFloppy disk, 1-4using, 4-2Fn + Esc (sound mute), 5-3Fn + F1 (instant security), 5-3Fn + F2 (power save mode), 5-3Fn + F3 (s

User’s Manual Index-3IndexPower-up modes, 6-12ProblemsAC power, 8-5analyzing, 8-2Battery, 8-5CD-RW/DVD-ROM drive, 8-8DVD Super Multi drive, 8-9Floppy

Index-4 User’s ManualIndex

xviii User’s ManualAny consequences resulting from the use of this product in working environments that are not approved or the use is restricted are

User’s Manual xixSafety Instruction for Wireless Products If your computer has a wireless function, all safety instructions must be read carefully and

ii User’s ManualTOSHIBA L20 SeriesCopyright© 2005 by TOSHIBA Corporation. All rights reserved. Under the copyright laws, this manual cannot be reprodu

xx User’s ManualWARNING NOTE Turn OFF the Wireless Communication switch of Wireless Products in a congested place, such as a crowded commuter train. K

User’s Manual xxiTable of ContentsGeneral PrecautionsEU Declaration of Conformity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xviiWi

xxii User’s ManualTable of ContentsChapter 3Getting StartedSetting up your work space . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

User’s Manual xxiiiTable of ContentsChapter 6Power and Power-Up ModesPower conditions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

xxiv User’s ManualTable of Contents

User’s Manual xxvPrefaceCongratulations on your purchase of the L20 computer. This powerful notebook computer provides excellent expansion capability,

xxvi User’s ManualPrefaceChapter 5, The Keyboard, describes special keyboard functions including the keypad overlay and hot keys. Chapter 6, Power and

User’s Manual xxviiPrefaceDisplayMessagesMessages are used in this manual to bring important information to your attention. Each type of message is id

xxviii User’s ManualPreface

User’s Manual 1-1Chapter 1IntroductionThis chapter provides an equipment checklist, and it identifies the computer’s features, options and accessories

User’s Manual iiiTOSHIBA L20 SeriesTrademarks Intel, Intel SpeedStep, Centrino, Pentium and Celeron are trademarks or registered trademarks of Intel C

1-2 User’s ManualIntroductionSoftwareWindows® XP Home Edition or Professional The following software is preinstalled: Microsoft® Windows® XP Home Ed

User’s Manual 1-3IntroductionFeaturesThe computer uses TOSHIBA’s advanced Large Scale Integration (LSI), Complementary Metal-Oxide Semiconductor (CMOS

1-4 User’s ManualIntroductionDisksHard Disk Drive Available in four sizes. 40.0 billion bytes (37.26 GB) 60.0 billion bytes (55.88 GB) 80.0 bil

User’s Manual 1-5IntroductionDisplay The computer’s LCD panel supports high-resolution video graphics. The screen can be set at a wide range of viewin

1-6 User’s ManualIntroductionPointing Device Ports SlotsMultimedia Built-In TouchPad A TouchPad and control buttons in the palm rest enable control o

User’s Manual 1-7IntroductionCommunications Modem An internal modem provides capability for data and fax communication. It supports V.90 (V.92). The

1-8 User’s ManualIntroductionSoftwareSpecial featuresThe following features are either unique to TOSHIBA computers or are advanced features, which mak

User’s Manual 1-9IntroductionInstant Security The hot key function Fn + F1 blanks the screen and disables the computer, providing data security. Displ

1-10 User’s ManualIntroductionUtilitiesThis section describes preinstalled utilities and tells how to start them. For details on operations, refer to

User’s Manual 1-11IntroductionDVD Video Player The DVD Video Player is used to play DVD Video. It has an on-screen interface and functions. Click sta

iv User’s ManualTOSHIBA L20 SeriesThe hookflash (timed break register recall) function is subject to separate national type approvals. It has not been

1-12 User’s ManualIntroductionTOSHIBA TouchPad On/Off Utility Pressing Fn + F9 enables or disables the TouchPad function. When you press these hot key

User’s Manual 1-13IntroductionOptionsYou can add a number of options to make your computer even more powerful and convenient to use. Refer to Chapter

1-14 User’s ManualIntroduction

User’s Manual 2-1Chapter 2The Grand TourThis chapter identifies the various components of your computer. Become familiar with each component before yo

2-2 User’s ManualThe Grand TourLeft sideThe following figure shows the computer’s left side. The left side of the computerExternal Monitor PortCooling

User’s Manual 2-3The Grand TourRight sideThe following figure shows the computer’s right side. The right side of the computerEject ButtonEmergency Eje

2-4 User’s ManualThe Grand TourBacksideThe following figure shows the computer’s back panel (It differs depending on the model). The backside of the c

User’s Manual 2-5The Grand TourUndersideThe following figure shows the underside of the computer. Make sure the display is closed before turning over

2-6 User’s ManualThe Grand TourFront with the display openThis section shows the front of the computer with the display open. Refer to the appropriate

User’s Manual 2-7The Grand TourDisplay Screen The LCD displays high-contrast text and graphics. Refer to Appendix B, Display Controller and Modes. Whe

User’s Manual vTOSHIBA L20 SeriesPanasonicDVD Super Multi UJ-841B The DVD Super Multi drive employs a laser system. To ensure proper use of this prod

2-8 User’s ManualThe Grand TourSystem & Keyboard indicators System & Keyboard overlay indicatorsBuilt-in HDD Caps Lock NumLockWireless Activ

User’s Manual 2-9The Grand TourUSB floppy disk drive (optional) An optional 3 ½" floppy disk drive accommodates 1.44-megabyte or 720-kilobyte flo

2-10 User’s ManualThe Grand TourOptical media drives One of the following optical media drives is installed in the computer: CD-RW/DVD-ROM or DVD Supe

User’s Manual 2-11The Grand TourFormatsThe drives support the following formats: DVD-ROM CD-DA Photo CDTM (single/multi-session) CD-ROM XA Mod

2-12 User’s ManualThe Grand TourAC adaptorThe AC adaptor converts AC power to DC power and reduces the voltage supplied to the computer. It can automa

User’s Manual 3-1Chapter 3Getting StartedThis chapter provides basic information to get you started using your computer. It covers the following topic

3-2 User’s ManualGetting StartedSetting up your work space Establishing a comfortable work site is important for you and your computer. A poor work en

User’s Manual 3-3Getting StartedPlacement of the computer Position the computer and peripheral devices to provide comfort and safety. Set the comput

3-4 User’s ManualGetting StartedLighting Proper lighting can improve legibility of the display and reduce eyestrain. Position the computer so that s

User’s Manual 3-5Getting StartedInstalling the battery pack To install a battery, follow the steps below. 1. Turn the computer’s power off. 2. Disconn

vi User’s ManualTOSHIBA L20 SeriesTEACDVD Super Multi DV-W28EA The DVD Super Multi drive employs a laser system. To ensure proper use of this product

3-6 User’s ManualGetting StartedConnecting the AC adaptor Attach the AC adaptor when you need to charge the battery or you want to operate from AC pow

User’s Manual 3-7Getting Started2. Connect the AC adaptor’s DC output plug to the DC IN 19V jack on the back of the computer. Connecting the adaptor t

3-8 User’s ManualGetting StartedTurning on the power This section describes how to turn on the power. 1. If an optional external floppy disk drive is

User’s Manual 3-9Getting StartedTurning off the power The power can be turned off in one of the following modes: Shut down (Boot), Hibernation or Stan

3-10 User’s ManualGetting StartedBenefits of Hibernation Mode The Hibernation Mode feature provides the following benefits: Saves data to the hard d

User’s Manual 3-11Getting StartedData save in Hibernation Mode When you turn off the power in Hibernation Mode, the computer takes a moment to save cu

3-12 User’s ManualGetting StartedEntering Standby Mode You can enter Standby Mode in one of three ways: 1. Click Start, click Turn Off Computer and cl

User’s Manual 3-13Getting StartedRestoring the preinstalled software If preinstalled files are damaged, use the Product Recovery Disc to restore them.

3-14 User’s ManualGetting Started

User’s Manual 4-1Chapter 4Operating BasicsThis chapter gives information on basic operations including using the TouchPad, the optional USB floppy dis

User’s Manual viiTOSHIBA L20 SeriesHitachi-LG Data Storage, Inc.DVD Super Multi GSA-4082N The DVD Super Multi drive employs a laser system. To ensure

4-2 User’s ManualOperating BasicsFor some functions, you can tap the Touch Pad instead of pressing a control button. Using the USB floppy disk drive (

User’s Manual 4-3Operating BasicsDisconnecting 3 ½" floppy disk drive When you have finished using the floppy disk drive, follow the procedures b

4-4 User’s ManualOperating BasicsLoading discs To load a disc, follow the steps below and refer to the figures. 1. a. When the power is on, press the

User’s Manual 4-5Operating Basics2. Grasp the drawer gently and pull until it is fully opened. Pulling the drawer open 3. Place the disc, label side u

4-6 User’s ManualOperating Basics4. Press gently at the center of the disc until you feel it click into place. The disc should lie below the top of th

User’s Manual 4-7Operating Basics2. The disc extends slightly over the sides of the drawer so you can hold it. Hold the disc gently and lift it out. R

4-8 User’s ManualOperating BasicsPlay/Pause and Stop buttons Press on the button to select the desired function. Audio/Video Control buttonsWriting C

User’s Manual 4-9Operating BasicsBefore writing or rewriting Please observe the following points when you write or rewrite the data. We recommend th

4-10 User’s ManualOperating BasicsWhen writing or rewriting Note the following when you write or rewrite a CD-R or CD-RW. Always copy data from the

User’s Manual 4-11Operating BasicsWriting CD/DVDs with the DVD Super Multi drive supporting DVD±R Double layerYou can use the DVD Super Multi drive to

viii User’s ManualTOSHIBA L20 SeriesPioneerDVD Super Multi DVR-K16 The DVD Super Multi drive employs a laser system. To ensure proper use of this pro

4-12 User’s ManualOperating BasicsBefore writing or rewriting Based on TOSHIBA’s limited compatibility testing, we suggest the following manufacture

User’s Manual 4-13Operating Basics If the disc is poor in quality, dirty or damaged, writing or rewriting errors may occur. Be careful to check the d

4-14 User’s ManualOperating Basics Write from the computer’s hard disk drive to the CD/DVD. Do not try to write from shared devices such as a LAN ser

User’s Manual 4-15Operating BasicsRecordNow! Basic for TOSHIBA Note the following limitations when you use RecordNow!: DVD-Video cannot be created u

4-16 User’s ManualOperating BasicsData Verification To verify that data is written or rewritten correctly, follow the steps below before you write or

User’s Manual 4-17Operating BasicsInterVideo WinDVD Creator PlatinumPlease refer to the on-line Help for additional InterVideo WinDVD Creator informat

4-18 User’s ManualOperating Basics2. Before recording the video to DVD When you record to DVD disc, please use only discs recommended by the Drive ma

User’s Manual 4-19Operating BasicsMedia care This section provides tips on protecting data stored on your CD/DVDs and floppy disks. Handle your media

4-20 User’s ManualOperating BasicsSound System This section describes audio controls including sound levels and power management. Volume control The V

User’s Manual 4-21Operating BasicsRegion selection Telecommunication regulations vary from one region to another, so you will need to make sure the in

User’s Manual ixTOSHIBA L20 SeriesTOSHIBA SAMSUNG STORAGE TECHNOLOGYCD-RW/DVD-ROM TS-L462C The CD-RW/DVD-ROM drive employs a laser system. To ensure

4-22 User’s ManualOperating BasicsOpen dialog box, if the modem and Telephony Current Location region code do not match. A warning dialog box is displ

User’s Manual 4-23Operating BasicsDisconnectingTo disconnect the internal modem cable, follow the steps below. 1. Pinch the lever on the connector in

4-24 User’s ManualOperating BasicsWireless communication indicator The wireless communication indicator indicates the status of the wireless communica

User’s Manual 4-25Operating BasicsConnecting LAN cable To connect the LAN cable, follow the steps below. 1. Turn off the power to the computer and to

4-26 User’s ManualOperating BasicsMoving the computer The computer is designed for rugged durability. However, a few simple precautions taken when mov

User’s Manual 5-1Chapter 5The KeyboardThe computer’s keyboard layouts are compatible with a 101/102-key enhanced keyboard. By pressing some keys in co

5-2 User’s ManualThe KeyboardF1 ... F12 function keysThe function keys (not to be confused with Fn) are the 12 keys at the top of your keyboard. These

User’s Manual 5-3The KeyboardHot keys Hot keys let you enable or disable certain features of the computers. Sound mute: Pressing Fn + Esc in a Windows

5-4 User’s ManualThe KeyboardLCD Display Brightness: Pressing Fn + F6 decreases the display brightness in decrements. When you press these hot keys, t

User’s Manual 5-5The KeyboardTOSHIBA Zooming Utility (reduce): To reduce the icon size on the desktop or the application window, press the 1 key while